ECMA-334: 14.2.7 Lifted operators

C# Language Specification

14. Expressions 14.2 Operators 14.2.1 Operator precedence and associativity 14.2.2 Operator overloading 14.2.3 Unary operator overload resolution 14.2.4 Binary operator overload resolution 14.2.5 Candidate user-defined operators 14.2.6 Numeric promotions 14.2.7 Lifted operators

© 2006 ECMA International

14.2.7 Lifted operators

Lifted operators permit predefined and user-defined operators that operate on non-nullable value types to also be used with nullable forms of those types. Lifted operators are constructed from predefined and userdefined operators that meet certain requirements, as described in the following:

• For the unary operators

+ ++ - -- ! ~

a lifted form of an operator exists if the operand and result types are both non-nullable value types. The lifted form is constructed by adding a single ? modifier to the operand and result types. The lifted operator produces a null value if the operand is null. Otherwise, the lifted operator unwraps the operand, applies the underlying operator, and wraps the result.

• For the binary operators

+ - * / % & | ^ << >>

a lifted form of an operator exists if the operand and result types are all non-nullable value types. The lifted form is constructed by adding a single ? modifier to each operand and result type. The lifted operator produces a null value if one or both operands are null (an exception being the & and | operators of the bool? type, as described in §14.10.4). Otherwise, the lifted operator unwraps the operands, applies the underlying operator, and wraps the result.

• For the equality operators

== !=

a lifted form of an operator exists if the operand types are both non-nullable value types and if the result type is bool. The lifted form is constructed by adding a single ? modifier to each operand type. The lifted operator considers two null values equal, and a null value unequal to any non-null value. If both operands are non-null, the lifted operator unwraps the operands and applies the underlying operator to produce the bool result.

• For the relational operators

< > <= >=

a lifted form of an operator exists if the operand types are both non-nullable value types and if the result type is bool. The lifted form is constructed by adding a single ? modifier to each operand type. The lifted operator produces the value false if one or both operands are null. Otherwise, the lifted operator unwraps the operands and applies the underlying operator to produce the bool result.

The lifted forms of the predefined operators are themselves considered predefined operators.